1. If an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, its net charge is 0. If it gains an extra electron, it becomes negatively charged and is known as an anion. If it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged and is known as a cation.
2. The nucleus of an atom is the atom's dense and heavy core with a positive charge
I’m not so sure about the second one but I hope I helped :)
