1.
Which method is most commonly associated with a lack of informed
consent?
A. Covert observation
B. In-depth interviewing
C. Qualitative content analysis
D. Structured interviewing
A. [tex]\sf\bold{Covert ~observation }[/tex] is most commonly associated with a lack of informed consent because participants are not aware that they are being observed, thus unable to give informed consent.
Explanation:
1. Covert observation involves observing people or situations without their knowledge.
2. Since participants are unaware that they are being observed, they cannot provide informed consent to be part of the study.
3. This lack of awareness undermines the ethical principle of informed consent, which requires participants to be fully informed about the research and voluntarily agree to participate.
= As a result, covert observation is often seen as ethically problematic and is associated with a lack of informed consent.